New and modern methods in wastewater treatment

Articles

In line with the rapidly growing population, many lifestyle changes are taking shape. One of the aspects of human life that has been associated with significant progress is the change of water and wastewater treatment methods due to their considerable progress in all fields of industry and agriculture. Here we will briefly explain the types of purification methods using new technologies.
Thermal hydrolysis
One type of these methods is wastewater treatment by thermal hydrolysis, which should lead to wastewater treatment, waste reduction and by-products, and biogas production. In traditional methods, the sludge produced in the wastewater treatment process has been a major problem and its disposal has always been difficult. But newer methods not only do not define sludge as waste, but also use it as a valuable source of energy. After the purification process in thermal hydrolysis and sludge collection, biogas production begins.
There are two different types of technology in thermal hydrolysis called Biothelys and Exelyis. In the first case, biothelys, the plant needs large plots of land that supply enough sewage every day to produce enough biogas to continue working. In large cities, biogas production can also be a significant source of revenue.
Exelyis technology can work efficiently with less space and requires less wastewater to continue. Compared to the first case, it produces 130% more biogas than thermal hydrolysis production systems, which naturally reduces the amount of waste. Although this technology is more expensive to use, it has much lower operating costs than other thermal hydrolysis systems.
Microbial fuel cell technology
Another method that uses three technologies simultaneously is the use of Microbial Fuel Cells technology. This method generates electricity by mimicking the activity of bacteria in nature. They also use bacteria for purification, and their by-products are electrons that can be converted into electricity. If this technology can be produced on a large scale, less fossil fuels will be used to generate electricity.
Solar photocatalyst
Another new method is the Solar Photocatalytic (Wastewater Treatment) method of wastewater treatment and a synergistic effect in which a semiconductor material is typically used as a catalyst. This method uses catalyst nanostructures that are activated by light radiation and are able to remove various contaminants that are present in water. This method removes one of the biggest obstacles that is produced sludge by reducing the produced sludge by 80% compared to traditional wastewater treatment systems. This process consists of five main stages of penetration and adsorption of reactants to the catalyst surface, reaction at the catalyst level, desorption of products from the catalyst surface, and penetration of products outside the catalyst surface.
Natural technologies
There is another method, more commonly referred to as natural technology. Water from rain and snow, after collecting significant amounts of toxins, organic waste and pathogens, is returned to nature. But with the help of natural technologies, it is possible to prevent the return of sewage to the streams of surface water, rivers, and oceans. These technologies include sediment ponds, ponds drilled with filtration systems and large-scale soil filters, which by reducing the escape of water due to natural currents, the water released into nature will be much cleaner and will not need to be treated. Had.
Another type of new wastewater treatment technology is the use of plasma technology. The advantages of this method include cost-effectiveness in industrial applications, increasing the capacity of wastewater treatment plants and no use of chemicals. Sparks generated in water or industrial wastewater collide with soluble particles and water molecules, increasing energy and thus local temperature in the environment. At this stage, plasma cavitation occurs and bubbles of nano and micrometer dimensions are formed inside the aqueous medium. As the local temperature of the effluent rises due to the decay of the bubbles, the bacteria and microorganisms present are killed.
It should be noted that these bubbles or effluents rise and can kill bacteria and microorganisms in the water or effluent. On the other hand, these bubbles contain electrons and ions, which decompose to form strong and disinfectant radicals. These radicals cause clots and sediment in the wastewater, and eventually they can be separated into solids.
Ozone technology
The ability to disinfect the ozone technology method has made it very popular among other methods in the purification process. Ozone is used as a disinfectant in purification processes due to its disinfectant and disinfectant properties, much more than chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloroamines and other disinfectants. Ozone eliminates harmful substances, dyes, odors and microorganisms, which is why ozone is superior to chlorine in the complete elimination of microbial contamination, changes in water quality and harmful environmental effects.